Fig. 5
The geographical distribution, breeding selection, and effects of haplotype combinations on associated traits. a–e The differences of the length of the peduncle (a), the second internode (b), the third internode (c), the fourth internode (d), and the stem (e) among the seven haplotype combinations. Data are shown as means ± SD (n = 5). Significant differences were determined by ANOVA. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). f The percentages of the length of the peduncle (PL), the second internode (SIL), the third internode (TIL), and the fourth internode (FIL) relative to stem length. g Geographical distribution of the seven haplotype combinations for each area. h–j Frequency of three haplotype combinations among 831 Chinese wheat accessions released from 1900 to 2020. HapFIL−N1 was a new haplotype in 831 Chinese wheat accessions, which was not observed in 306 worldwide wheat accessions