Table 1 Third-generation sequencing initiatives and reference data sets

Genome in a Bottle [17, 18] (GIAB)

2 trios and 1 sample, 6 haplotypes

PacBio, ONT, Illumina, BioNano, Strand-seq, 10xG

ftp://ftp-trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ReferenceSamples/giab/data/

Human Genome Structural Variation Consortium [15] (HGSVC)

> 3 trios, > 6 haplotypes

PacBio, Illumina, BioNano, Hi-C, Strand-seq, 10xG

https://www.internationalgenome.org/data

Vertebrate Genome Project (VGP; facilitated by Genome 10 K), Darwin Tree of Life Project

> 100, ongoing haplotyping efforts

10xG, PacBio, Hi-C

https://vgp.github.io/genomeark/

Human Pangenome Project

> 10, > 20 haplotypes

PacBio, ONT, Hi-C

https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/human-pangenomics/index.html?prefix=HPRC/

Earth Biogenome Project (facilitated by Genome 10 K)

> 10, ongoing haplotyping efforts

PacBio, Hi-C

https://www.earthbiogenome.org/publications

The DNA Zoo project

> 10, ongoing haplotyping efforts

Hi-C and WGS

https://www.dnazoo.org/

Japanese Reference Project [19] (1KJPN)

> 1, > 2 haplotypes

PacBio, Illumina

https://jrg.megabank.tohoku.ac.jp/en

CHM1, CHM13 [20], HX1 [21], PGP-1 [22], AK1 [23]

Individual samples, two haplotypes each (except CHM1 and CHM13)

PacBio, ONT, BioNano, Hi-C, Illumina

n/a