Fig. 1

Inter-species comparison of protein translation among primates. a Subcodon periodicity pattern of ribosome footprints. Relative enrichment of RPF in an 80-bp window is aggregated along genomic positions surrounding conserved translation initiation sites (see “Methods” for details). Bar height represents mean ± standard error estimated from biological replicates for each species. b Major variation in level of protein translation reflects species differences. A scatter plot showing ribosome profiling data projected onto the first two PCs: each data point represents an individual sample. c Divergence in level of protein translation between human and chimpanzee. Each data point represents a gene: position along the x-axis indicates log₂ ratio of ribosome occupancy level between human and chimpanzee, position along the y-axis indicates significance level, and the color of each data point indicates whether the gene is significantly diverged between species at a significance cut-off of FWER 0.05 (blue: significant, gray: not significant, red: the example significant gene shown in d). d Level of protein translation of an example gene. Ribosome occupancy level (log₂ RPKM) of PGAM1 is shown for each individual human and chimpanzee sample