Fig. 4

The gut microbiota differences in metabolic phenotypes. Mean proportions of significantly different taxa between individuals with different BMI values (a) and individuals with different 2-h glucose tolerance test (NGT and pre-T2D) (b). Examples of BMI/OGGT metabolite–microbiota interaction, where the abundances of Bacteroidales, Collinsella (c) and Coprobacillus (d) exhibit opposite associations in individuals with low versus high BMI levels or individuals with impaired glucose tolerance test (c). *P ≤ 0.01, **P ≤ 0.001, ***P ≤ 0.0001. BMI body mass index, GT glucose tolerance, NGT normal glucose tolerance, T2D type 2 diabetes