Transcriptome analyses of primitively eusocial wasps reveal novel insights into the evolution of sociality and the origin of alternative phenotypes

Table 2 Isotig and isogroup differential expression statistics for the four adult female phenotypes in P. canadensis

Phenotype	Up-regulated (q > 0.6) isogroups (isotigs)	Isogroups with recognized homologs	Isogroups with annotated homologs	Down-regulated (q > 0.6) isogroups (isotigs)	Isogroups with recognized homologs	Isogroups with annotated homologs
Queen	47 (67)	39 (82.9%)	20 (42.5%)	402 (522)	63	38
Worker	2,222 (2,924)	412 (18.5%)	238 (10.7%)	84 (109)	65	38
Foundress	11 (15)	8 (72.7%)	4 (36.4%)	2,389 (3,340)	776	507
Callow	162 (238)	142 (87.6%)	112 (69.1%)	1,454 (1,779)	322	194
Total	2,442 (3,244)	596 (24.4%)	370 (15.2%)	4,329 (5,750)	1,311	858

We show the number of isogroups and isotigs found as differentially expressed by NOISeq at a threshold q > 0.6; number and percentage of differentially expressed genes with significant homologs recognized in GenBank non-redundant databases; the number and percentage of annotated homologs; and values across all castes are given in the final row of the table. Distribution of up-regulated isogroups, recognized homologs and annotated homologs are highly significantly different between queens and workers (chi-square test; respective chi-square values: 1,566 (1d.f.), P < 2.2e-16; 4,795 (1d.f.), P = 9.1 × 10^-13; 5,382 (1d.f.), P < 2.2e-16).

ISSN: 1474-760X