Fig. 1

Overview of the study design and chain-wide characterization of the AIRR diversity in RA. a Overview of the study design. b Chain-wide characterization of the AIRR diversity in rheumatoid arthritis compared to controls. This includes the effect that disease has on five complementary diversity measures (i.e., D20, D20, Gini-Simpson, Inverse-Simpson and Shannon entropy) for each of the seven immune receptor chains. The heatmap is colored according to the effect size of the association, ranging from red (i.e., diversity reduction) to blue (i.e., diversity increase). Detailed information on the reference group and all effect sizes is provided in Table S3. The statistical model used to conduct each association test is described in Table S28. The bubbles shown in the right two columns are used to graphically illustrate the association results at the chain level. Abbreviations: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 5.00e − 03; ***, P < 5.00e − 04; ****, P < 5.00e − 05. c Chain-wide impact of TNF inhibition therapy on the AIRR diversity in rheumatoid arthritis. Detailed information on the reference group and all effect sizes is provided in Table S5. The parameters used for the graphical representation are described in (b). d Overall impact of TNFi therapy on the AIRR diversity measured by the D50 index in the three BCR chains. Abbreviations: P, p-value. e Impact of TNFi therapy on the AIRR diversity measured by the D50 index in the three BCR chains stratified by clinical response to TNF inhibition. Abbreviations: P, p-value