Fig. 2

ISLET accurately estimates individual-specific gene expression reference panels. A Scatterplot showing ISLET estimated reference panel versus the true reference panel, in log scale, when using the true cell type proportions as the input. B Scatterplot similar to panel A but using the estimated cell type proportions as the input. C Normalized mean squared error (NMSE) in reference panel estimation, from three methods: TOAST, TCA, and ISLET, at various effect sizes. Log fold change (LFC) used in simulation: 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5. D NMSE at various samples sizes per group (25, 50, 75, and 100), comparing three methods. E NMSE stratified by gene expression level (low expression: \(\le\)160 and high expression: > 160). N = 20 simulations are conducted in each scenario