Fig. 2

PCDH20 maintained epithelial proliferation, differentiation, and morphology. a Pcdh20 CKO mice presented shortened crypts in colon stained with H&E. Each group n = 7. Magnification × 100, scale bars = 50 μm. b,c Shorten microvilli observed with transmission electron microscope in Pcdh20 CKO mice compared with WT. n = 3 for each group. Magnification × 18,500, scale bars = 0.5 μm. d Representative images of ki67 stained with immunohistochemistry in colon mucosa of Pcdh20 CKO and WT mice. Each group n = 3. Magnification × 200 (right) and × 400 (left), scale bars = 100 μm (right) and 50 μm (left). e Representative images of intestinal organoid growth in Pcdh20 CKO and WT mice. Each group n = 3. Magnification × 100, scale bars = 500 μm. f Cell count kit-8 (CCK8) assay in Caco-2 cell line with stably PCDH20 overexpression and knockdown. Three independent biological replicates. g Representative images of differentiated cells in the colon epithelium of Pcdh20 CKO mice (Alcian blue, goblet cells; FABP1, enterocytes; Chromo-graninA, enteroendocrine cells). Each group n = 3. Magnification × 100, scale bars = 150 μm. The data in a, c, f were presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, vs. WT. Intestinal epithelial conditional knockout, CKO; wild-type, WT