Fig. 2

Elevated lactate and lactylation levels are associated with retinal neovascularization. a Retinal lactate quantification in normoxia control mice (Normal) and OIR mice (OIR) at P17 (n = 3 independent experiments, at least 6 mice each group). b Blood lactate quantification for ROP (ROP) (n = 49) and non-ROP (Control) (n = 72) infants (The normal range is between 0.7 ~ 2.1 mmol/L). c Pan-Kla in the retinas of normal control (Normal), OIR (OIR P13), and OIR (OIR P17) mice (n = 3 per group). d Iba-1 and Pan-Kla double-stained retinal flat mounts of normoxia control (Normal P17) and OIR mice (OIR P17); scale bar, 20 μm. e Pan-Kla in the retinas of normal control (Normal), OIR (DMSO) and OIR (PLX3397) mice (n = 3 per group). f Lactate production of retinal samples in OIR mice (OIR P17) treated with DCA (200 mg/kg), DMSO (0.1%), and rotenone (1.5 mg/kg) (n = 3 independent experiments, at least 6 mice each group). g Quantification of Pan-Kla in the retinas of OIR mice (OIR P17) treated with DCA (200 mg/kg), DMSO (0.1%), and rotenone (1.5 mg/kg) were analyzed by Western blotting (n = 3 per group). h Confocal images of CD31-stained retinal flat mounts in OIR P17 mice treated with DCA (200 mg/kg), DMSO (0.1%), and rotenone (1.5 mg/kg). The relative proportion of neovascularization in the retina was calculated and measured by ImageJ; scale bar, 1000 μm (n = 5 mice per group). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001