Fig. 4

Cell-type-dependent asymmetric gene expression. a Balanced homoeologs in bulk RNA-seq show various unbalance expression patterns in different cell clusters defined by snRNA-seq data. The central ternary plot shows expression pattern of detected genes in bulk RNA-seq. The surrounding stacked histogram shows the cluster-specific expression pattern of balanced homoeologs defined by the bulk RNA-seq data. b Cell-type-specific asymmetric gene expression. The stacked histogram shows the relative proportion of genes with a certain biased expression pattern in the cluster. A. dominant represent the expression of genes located in A subgenome is higher than their homoeologs from B and D subgenomes; A. suppressed represent the genes located in A subgenome express at a lower level than their homoeologs from B and D subgenomes. Balance represent the homoeologs from A, B, and D subgenomes expressed at a similar level. c,d Ratios of asymmetrically expressed genes along with the differentiated pseudo-time trajectories for protoxylem and protophloem (c), companion cells and sieve element (d). Left panel is the pseudo-time trajectory. Right panel shows the ratios of asymmetrically expressed gene of the corresponding trajectory. Cells marked with “start” are the initial of cell differentiation trajectory, two ends of the branches are the differentiated cell types