Fig. 3

Immune genes implicated through contact with COVID-19 variants are differentially expressed in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 disease. Differential gene expression in mild/moderate and severe COVID-19 patients relative to healthy donors quantified by A bulk RNA-seq of whole blood leukocytes at various timepoints from Galani et al. [33] and B single-cell RNA-seq from peripheral blood from Zhang et al. [34] Values represent log₂FC of TPM for each gene relative to the mean of healthy donors, and genes showing disease severity-associated expression are shown in red. Data in B represent pseudo-bulk RNA-seq of T cells, B cells, or monocytes clustered by single-cell transcript patterns. Genes indicated in red in A and B exhibited severity-associated expression patterns