Fig. 1

scRNA-seq profiling of the kidney primary tumors and tumor thrombus microenvironments. a, b Schematic diagram of the study strategy. The discovery cohort is shown in (a), and validation cohorts 1, 2, 3 and 4 are shown in (b). Validation cohort 1, 60 tumor thrombus and paired primary tumor specimens from 30 ccRCC patients. Validation cohort 2, 120 samples with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma with nivolumab treatment from CheckMate 025 cohort. Validation cohort 3, 531 samples of TCGA KIRC cohort. Validation cohorts 4, 82 samples with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with sunitinib treatment from IMmotion 150 cohort. c UMAP plot showing the annotation and color codes for cell types in the ccRCC ecosystem. Epithelial cell including normal epithelial cell (the proximal tubule cell and the loop of Henle cell) in ARTs and malignant epithelial cell in PTs and TTs. d, e The UMAP plot showing cell origins by color, patient origin (d), and ART, PT or TT origin (e). f Heatmap showing the expression of marker genes in the indicated cell types. g Histogram indicating the proportions of cells in tissues of each patient. N, adjacent renal tissues. C, primary tumors. T, tumor thrombus