Fig. 1

Loss of 5-hydroxymethylation is a hallmark of MBs. a Table illustrates sample information (age, sex, tumor size, and time since diagnosis) of MBs and normal cerebella (NC). b UHPLC-MS/MS analysis shows a significant decrease of total 5hmC levels in MBs (n = 24) compared with age-matched normal cerebella (NC) (n = 5) (****p < 0.001). c Linear correlation between 5hmC abundance in MBs and prognosis. Lower 5hmC level is associated with worse prognosis (R² = 0.3866, p < 0.01). d Volcano plot showing distribution of differentially expressed genes in MBs, with log2 fold change of MB/NC on x-axis and P values on y-axis. Genes with log2 fold change > 2 are indicated in red, and genes with log2 fold change < − 2 are indicated in blue (FDR < 0.05). e Expression level of TET1 and TET2 in each molecular subgroup of MB (n = 273) and NC (n = 26) (p < 0.001). G3: group3, G4: group 4