Fig. 1

Adult neurons show increased transcriptional heterogeneity. a, b Boxplots showing the median percentage of cells expressing the highest 200 transcribed genes in adult neurons from Mathys et al. (a, median percentages are 78% and 58% in healthy and AD subjects, respectively p = 0.0155, one-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test) and in adult excitatory neurons (b, median percentages are 85.8% and 70% in healthy and AD subjects, respectively. p = 0.0073, one-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test). n = 24 healthy and n = 24 AD subjects. FDR-corrected p values remain significant with p = 0.029 and 0.0312, respectively. c Same for the 100 highest transcribed genes in neurons from Grubman et al. n = 6 healthy and n = 6 AD subjects (median percentages are 44% and 19.6% in healthy and AD subjects, respectively, p = 0.065). d–f Median percentage of cells expressing the highest 200 transcribed genes in HD adult D1 MSN, D2 MSN, and astrocytes from Lee et al. n = 7 healthy, n = 5 HD subjects in d, n = 4 HD subjects in e, and n = 7 HD subjects in f. Median percentages are 99.6% and 92.2% in healthy and HD subjects, respectively, for D1 MSNs, 99.7% and 88.2% for D2 MSNs, and 94.7% and 81% for astrocytes. Corresponding one-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test p values are 0.01 for MSNs and 0.05 for astrocytes