Fig. 8

The presence of E. faecium is associated with disease extent and the requirement for combination therapy. The disease characteristics and treatment regimens of the 16 UC patients enrolled in this study were obtained from medical records and assessed to identify any association with the presence or absence of E. faecium in the gut microbiota as determined by PCR. a Proportions of UC patients with pancolitis or left-sided colitis are shown relative to the presence of E. faecium in the feces. b Proportions of UC patients treated with single or multiple mediations are shown relative to the presence of E. faecium in the feces. Medications included mesalazine, corticosteroids, azathioprine, mercaptopurine, tacrolimus, infliximab, and adalimumab. The number of subjects per category (n) is indicated. *P < 0.05 by chi-squared test