Fig. 6

A graphical overview showing the major findings of this study. a Measures relating TF presence at binding sites to spatial co-localization. Using Hi-C contacts and single-cell genome structures, our study has shown that, in general, homotypic TF binding site co-localization increases as (i) the bound fraction of binding sites (occupancy) increases, (ii) as the detected ChIP-seq signal for TF sites increases, and (iii) as the linear density of TF sites increases. Also, we observe that these trends are stronger for sequentially distal (i.e., enhancer) and weaker regulatory sites. b Grouping of transcription factors into proximity sub-networks. Measuring the degree of co-localization between different TFs, compared to a random background expectation, shows that TFs in both human lymphoblastoid cells and mouse ESCs can be grouped into distinct proximity sub-networks, which appear to correspond to differences in chromatin context and lineage specificity. Furthermore, comparing TF co-localization within and between sub-networks suggests that there is a degree of spatial segregation in TF binding relating to these groups