Fig. 1
From: Expanded base editing in rice and wheat using a Cas9-adenosine deaminase fusion
Comparison of A•T to G•C base-editing efficiency in rice protoplasts using seven PABE constructs. a The seven plant adenine base editing (PABE) constructs. b Diagram of the GFP reporter system for comparing the activities of the seven PABE constructs in rice protoplasts. The TAG stop codon (whose conversion to CAG restores GFP protein production) and CAG triplets are shown in the red box. c Plant ABE-induced conversion of mGFP to GFP in rice protoplasts by the seven PABE constructs. Seven fields of protoplasts transformed with the relevant PABE construct, sgRNA-mGFP and Ubi-mGFP vectors. Ubi-GFP and Ubi-mGFP served as controls. Scale bars, 150 μm. d The frequencies (percentage) of A to G conversion in the target region of the mGFP coding sequence were measured by flow cytometry (FCM) on three independent biological replicates (n = 3). All values represent means ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.). **P < 0.01. e Frequencies of targeted single A to G conversion in reads of the 16 target sites by PABE-2 and PABE-7 in rice protoplasts. An untreated protoplast sample was used as control. Each frequency (mean ± s.e.m.) was calculated using the data from three independent biological replicates (n = 3)