Fig. 1

Knockdown of H3.3 causes various phenotypic defects and misregulation of response genes. a The impact of H3.3 knockdown on plant growth and development includes serrated leaf shape and smaller rosette size (left panel), partial sterility (middle panel) and reduced height (right panel) of flowering transgenic h3.3kd plants compared to wild type (Col-0). WT control plants (top row) are shown with two independent transgenic lines, both double homozygous for htr4 and htr8 (htr4/htr8) alleles with either pHTR5-amiR-HTR5-I (middle row; h3.3kd-1) or pHTR5-amiR-HTR5-II (bottom row; h3.3kd-3) artificial miRNAs. b The total number of significantly up- and downregulated genes in RNA-seq data from h3.3kd-3 compared to WT plants. c Summary of the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of misregulated genes in h3.3kd-3 compared to WT. The bar graph represents the number of response related GO terms compared to others with p values less than 0.001. d Enrichment and p values for selected GO terms. The complete list can be found in Additional file 5. e Chromatin localization of H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K9me2 in WT Col-0 and h3.3kd-2 plants as detected by immunofluorescence in nuclei isolated from mature leaves. DAPI staining shown in grey