Fig. 1

Workflow used by Liang et al. [2] to achieve DNA-free editing of wheat genes. Cas9 is expressed in E. coli and purified. Single guide RNA (sgRNA) is transcribed in vitro and complexed with Cas9. This complex is coated onto 0.6 μm gold particles which are then bombarded into immature wheat embryo cells. Plants are regenerated without any selective agent from bombarded embryos and screened for mutations via PCR/restriction enzyme assay and sequencing