Fig. 4

Pan-cancer parainflammation in human cancers. a PI scores (y-axis) of all 6535 tumor samples (blue) and 582 adjacent normal samples (red) versus the CD45 expression level (x-axis). No correlation is observed between the PI score and CD45 after the adjustment. b PI scores in the tumor samples (blue) and the adjacent normal samples (red). The y-axis is the cumulative percentage of samples over the score in x; 25.9 % of the tumor samples (dashed blue line) are over a threshold which only 5 % of the adjacent normal tissues pass (dashed red line). The PI score is shifted accordingly, so PI+ samples have positive scores. c Spread plot of the PI score in 6535 tumor samples from 18 cancer types. The dashed blue line differentiates PI+ and PI− samples. PAAD pancreatic adenocarcinoma, BLCA bladder carcinoma, HNSC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, LUAD lung adenocarcinoma, LUSC lung squamous cell carcinoma, COAD colon adenocarcinoma, OV ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, UCEC uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, BRCA breast carcinoma, GBM glioblastoma multiforme, ACC adrenocortical carcinoma, UCS uterine carcinosarcoma, PRAD prostate adenocarcinoma, LIHC liver hepatocellular carcinoma, LGG lower grade glioma, KIRP kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, KICH kidney chromophobe, KIRC kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. d Heatmap of expression profiles of PI genes across TCGA samples: left, PI+ samples; right, PI− samples. Different subsets of PI genes are expressed in PI+ samples. The expression levels presented are after adjustment to immune infiltrations and are standardized across all samples. e Correlation of the fraction of PI+ samples in each tumor type from TCGA with corresponding tissue origin in CCLE. The same types of cancers have low or high PI+ levels in tumors and in cell lines. The Pearson coefficient is presented