Fig. 5

Brevibacillus laterosporus Cas9 promotes NHEJ mutations in maize. a Top 10 most prevalent types of NHEJ mutations detected with Blat Cas9 in exon 4 of the Ms45 gene. A black arrow indicates the expected site of cleavage; mutations are highlighted in red; lower case font indicates an insertion; ‘-’ indicates a deletion. b Comparison of Spy and Blat Cas9 NHEJ mutation frequencies at three protospacer identical target sites in maize. NHEJ mutations were detected by deep sequencing 3 days after transformation. Error bars represent SEM, n = 3 particle gun transformations. Cas9 only is the negative control and represents the average (across all three target sites) background frequency of mutations resulting from PCR amplification and sequencing