Table 5 Examples of genes for which expression levels are (anti-)correlated with leaf length, LER or LED_5-e

Regulation of transcription

GRMZM2G702026

Auxin response factor 1

AT1G59750^a,b

ARF1

Auxin response factor 1

−−

−−

AT1G59750^a,b

arf1 mutations enhance arf2 phenotype, i.e., delayed leaf senescence resulting in more and larger leaves

[77, 154]

GRMZM2G361659

AT3G48160^a

DEL1, E2FE, E2L3

DP-E2F-like 1

−−

−−

AT3G48160^a

Overexpression results in smaller leaves due to repression of cell proliferation

[76]

AT3G01330^b

AT5G14960^b

GRMZM2G462623

AT5G02470^b AT5G03415^a

DPA, DPB

Transcription factor DP

++

++

+

AT5G02470^b

DPa acts together with E2F as stimulator of cell proliferation

[75]

Hormone metabolism

GRMZM2G135978

AT1G12820^c

AFB3, AFB2, TIR1, AFB1, GRH1

Auxin signaling F-box 3, auxin signaling F-box 2, F-box/RNI-like superfamily protein, GRR1-like protein 1

++

++

AT3G62980^a,b,c

Mutations in TIR1 that enhance the degradation of auxin/IAA display more lateral roots, smaller rosettes and reduced number of axillary branches

[59, 77]

AT3G26810^c

AT3G62980^a,b,c

AT4G03190^b,c

GRMZM2G074267

Putative auxin efflux carrier

AT1G23080^c

PIN7, PIN3, PIN1, PIN4, AGR, AGR1, EIR1, MM31, PIN2WAV6

Auxin efflux carrier family protein

−−

−−

AT1G70940^c

T-DNA insertion line has serrated leaves

[77, 104]

AT1G70940^c

AT1G73590^a,b,c

Mutants have fewer leaves with distorted shape

AT1G73590^a,b,c

AT2G01420^c

AT5G57090^c

Cell wall

GRMZM2G445905

AT5G44030^a

CESA4, IRX5, NWS2

Cellulose synthase-like

−−

−−

AT5G44030^a

T-DNA insertion line grows slower, plants are darker green and leaves are more narrow

[103]

Unknown

GRMZM2G015295

Adenosylhomo-cysteinase

AT3G23810^b,c

SAHH2, EMB1395HOG1, MEE58, SAHH1,

S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase 2, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase

−−

−−

AT4G13940^a,b,c

Loss of function mutants show increased leaf size, higher seed yields and delayed flowering, while overexpression plants show opposite phenotypes

[105]

AT4G13940^a,b,c