Figure 1
mRNA/protein decoupling in human and macaque over their lifespans. (A) Sample age distribution of mRNA (green) and protein (blue) datasets. Each dot represents an individual. Darker shades of color represent older age. Larger dots represent samples used for both mRNA and protein measurements. (B,C) The first two principal components of mRNA (B) and protein (C) expression in human PFC time series. Each circle represents an individual; darker shades of color represent older age; numbers show each individual’s age in years. Proportions of variance explained by each principal component are shown in parentheses. See also Figures S1 and S3 in Additional file 1. (D-F) Cumulative frequency of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients based on mRNA and protein expression changes in developmental (light grey curves) and aging (dark grey curves) intervals. Dashed lines show median values of curves; P-values show significance of the difference between medians (Wilcoxon test). Histograms at the bottom of the panels show distributions of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients in developmental (light grey) and aging (dark grey) intervals composing the curves. Results are shown for human PFC time series (D), macaque PFC time series (E) and human PFC time series with another RNA-seq dataset (F). The y-axis shows gene numbers used in each comparison. See also Figure S4 in Additional file 1. (G) Box plots show distributions of standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation measurements calculated for each gene expressed in human PFC, for developmental (light color) and aging (dark color) intervals, for mRNA (green) and protein (blue) datasets. P-values of Wilcoxon tests comparing two distributions are marked above plots. (H,I) Distributions of cumulative frequency of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients based on human mRNA and protein expression changes in developmental (light grey) and aging (dark grey) intervals. Curves are based on 1,000 times subsampling of mRNA and protein expression values. FDR, false discovery rate.