Figure 2

Average degree of DNA methylation in human pancreatic islets from females and males. (A) Average degree of DNA methylation of the sites analyzed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array, including DNA methylation on the autosomal chromosome and the X chromosome but excluding methylation data on the Y chromosome, of human pancreatic islets from male and female donors. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. *P = 4.7 × 10^-15. (B,C) Average DNA methylation levels of autosomal chromosomes for different functional genomic annotation (B) and CpG island regions (C) for human pancreatic islets from male and female donors. (D,E) Average DNA methylation levels of the X chromosome in gene regions (D) and CpG island regions (E) for human pancreatic islets from male and female donors. The 2 kb sequences, directly up- and downstream of CpG islands are called the northern and southern shore (N shore, S shore), respectively. The 2 kb sequences directly adjacent to the shores are called the northern and southern shelves (N shelf, S shelf). DNA methylation sites outside the CpG island regions are annotated as ‘open sea’. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Asterisks indicate q <0.05 based on false discovery rate analysis. TSS, transcription start site.