Fig. 7

Hyperactivated network hub genes in ddm1 contribute to primed defense response. A Bacterial growth in the mutants of five hyperactivated network hub genes in ddm1 during defense response with optimal priming. We included npr1-1 as a positive control. Experiments were performed as described in the legend of Fig. 1, except that a higher concentration of BABA (BAopt; 10 ml of 35 μg/ml per plant) was applied 3 days before DC inoculation to fully prime plants. p-values by Student’s t test. n.s.; not significant (p > 0.05). Error bars indicate SEM (n ≧ 5). SAR, systemic acquired resistance. cfu, colony-forming units. B Gene expression levels of the putative primed defense regulators and NPR1 in Col-0 under four treatment conditions. Different letters indicate significant differences at p≦0.05 from two-way ANOVA within each gene, compare treatment conditions with Tukey’s correction (α = 0.05). Error bars indicate SEM (n ≧ 3). C WRKY gene expression in putative primed defense regulator mutants and npr1-1 with or without priming. Gene expression was measured 1-day post-inoculation (dpi). UBQ1 expression was used as an internal control. Different letters indicate significant differences at p≦0.05 from two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction (α = 0.05). Error bars indicate SEM (n = 4)