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Fig. 3 | Genome Biology

Fig. 3

From: Genetic basis of geographical differentiation and breeding selection for wheat plant architecture traits

Fig. 3

Geographical distribution and breeding selection of the haplotype blocks associated with peduncle length on chromosome 1A. a Peduncle length across wheat accessions originating from the seven continents/regions. Data are means ± standard deviation (SD, n = 5). Significant differences were determined by ANOVA. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). b Phenotypic distribution for peduncle length as a function of the three haplotypes on chromosome 1A. Data are means ± SD (n = 5). Significant differences were determined by Student’s t test (two sided, *P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001). c The percentages of the three haplotypes for each area. Asia means the region excluding the Middle East. d Comparison of XP-CLR score selection signals between Chinese landraces and cultivars for the major locus (Y1-PL-1A-1, chr1A:45,791,400-49,094,709) associated with peduncle length. The red dotted line indicates the threshold (top 5% of scores). e Proportion of accessions harboring the haplotype HapPL−M in four time windows (pre-1960, 1961–1980, 1981–2000, and 2001–2020) in the 831 wheat accessions released between 1900 and 2020 in China. f, h Pedigree relationships and genomic contribution of founder genotypes to new derived cultivars. In each pedigree, three major global genotypes (Rieti, Wilhelmina, and Akagomughi) contribute to derived cultivars including Aimengniu and Xiaoyan6. The basal rows represent the contribution of Aimengniu and Xiaoyan6 to their derivatives. g, i Distribution of haplotype blocks for the locus (Y1-PL-1A-1, chr1A:45791400-49094709) in two wheat pedigrees. Each row is a wheat accession and each column is a haplotype. Alleles that are identical to or different from that in the Chinese Spring genome are indicated by blue and red bars, respectively

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