Fig. 3

DNM genes were involved in pathways associated with female reproduction. a Clustering of dynamic gene expression was performed on female germ cells, including female fetal cells, oocytes during folliculogenesis, mature oocytes, and early embryos. Female germ cells were subdivided into sixteen stages, and GO analysis was performed using stage-specific genes. Significantly enriched GO terms (p < 0.01) were visualized at sixteen stages of female germ cells, and the pathways and their associated genes are listed on the right (genes associated with female reproductive defects were labeled as green). b Network connections of representative mouse genome informatics (MGI) and PubMed phenotypic annotations (green: genes associated with female reproductive defects; orange: female infertile phenotype; brown: description of germ cell defect)