Fig. 5
Functional and evolutionary analyses of DDX11. a Time course cell viability assay in A549 cells by Incucyte S3 live-cell analysis. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean (SEM) calculated based on six biological replicates. The P-value was determined by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. b Genome-wide Spearman correlation coefficient distribution of DDX11. Eight E2F members and Timeless are marked with blue and pink dots, respectively. The dashed line denotes the 90% quantile. c Syntenic view across five primates. Duplicated genes are color-coded. The sizes of blocks are roughly proportional to the lengths of genes. d Loss-of-function (LoF) mutations accumulated in pseudogenic DDX11 homologs. Coding exons are shown as thicker black boxes while untranslated regions are shown as thinner gray boxes. Introns are shown as connecting lines while LoF mutations are marked as red lines with the codon positions labeled. The bottom alignment shows the specific sequences flanking each LoF mutation. e Ka/Ks distribution across five types of functional regions. Black stars indicate significantly different rates relative to the outgroup sequences (**: P < 0.01; *: P < 0.05). Small motifs are merged and labeled as helicase (Hel) motifs. Fe-S refers to an iron–sulfur cluster involved in catalysis. f Expression profile of DDX11 across species. To make the expression intensity comparable across species, we normalized the raw expression values (“Methods”)