Fig. 4

Effects of SNP rs27900929 located at Astn2 intron on mouse tameness. a Allele frequency of SNP rs27900929 in classical inbred strains and wild mice. b Diagram for constructing a mutant wild-like mouse model. c Screenshot of the passive tameness test from Additional file 3: Video S1 and Additional file 4: Video S2. d Passive tameness (accepting a touch of the hand of the operator) decreased significantly in female (n = 20 in each group, left panel) and male (n = 20 in each group, right panel) mutant mice. e Ratio of male individuals attacking (biting) the hand of the operator in tamed differs significantly from mutant mice. f The relative expression of total Astn2 in tamed (n = 10 in each group) does not differ from mutant (n = 10 in each group) mice. g Diagram of the two Astn2 isoforms (a and b) and the strategies of isoform-specific qPCR. Rectangles indicate Astn2 exons, and red rectangles indicate the exon specially exist in the isoform b. h Ratio of Astn2 isoform a/b in tamed (n = 10 in each group) and mutant (n = 10 in each group) mice. i Ratio of Astn2 isoform a/b differs between classical inbred (n = 5 in each group) and wild (n = 5 in each group) mice. In panels d, f, h, and i, each circle indicates one individual of mouse, and error bars are SEM. * indicates p < 0.05