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Table 1 Enrichment of prioritized genes for CornCyc pathway annotations

From: Prediction of evolutionary constraint by genomic annotations improves functional prioritization of genomic variants in maize

PNC

Minimum percentile

Pathway

Enrichment

P-value (FDR)

Observed

NA

Triacylglycerol degradation (LIPAS-PWY)

0.76

2.9 × 10−5 (0.0093)

Aerobic respiration III (alternative oxidase pathway) (PWY-4302)

0.70

3.7 × 10−5 (0.0093)

Predicted

90%

Glycolysis IV (plant cytosol) (PWY-1042)

1.41

7.8 × 10−7 (0.00038)

Rubisco shunt (PWY-5723)

1.40

2.1 × 10−4 (0.015)

Glycolysis I (from glucose 6-phosphate) (GLYCOLYSIS)

1.36

1.0 × 10−5 (0.0025)

Gluconeogenesis I (GLUCONEO-PWY)

1.36

8.4 × 10−5 (0.0083)

Glycolysis II (from fructose 6-phosphate) (PWY-5484)

1.36

2.4 × 10−5 (0.0029)

Triacylglycerol degradation (LIPAS-PWY)

0.65

1.7 × 10−5 (0.0027)

Very long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis I (PWY-5080)

0.59

3.1 × 10−4 (0.019)

Trans-zeatin biosynthesis (PWY-2681)

0.29

1.6 × 10−4 (0.013)

99%

L-leucine biosynthesis (LEUSYN-PWY)

3.66

9.5 × 10−4 (0.043)

Fatty acid β-oxidation II (peroxisome) (PWY-5136)

3.59

4.8 × 10−4 (0.033)

Glyoxylate cycle (GLYOXYLATE-BYPASS)

2.99

6.3 × 10−4 (0.033)

TCA cycle II (PWY-5690)

2.51

5.0 × 10−4 (0.033)

Gluconeogenesis I (GLUCONEO-PWY)

2.24

2.6 × 10−4 (0.032)

Glycolysis IV (plant cytosol) (PWY-1042)

2.16

2.0 × 10−4 (0.032)

Glycolysis II (from fructose 6-phosphate) (PWY-5484)

2.16

2.0 × 10−4 (0.032)

Glycolysis I (from glucose 6-phosphate) (GLYCOLYSIS)

2.09

4.4 × 10-4 (0.033)

Aerobic respiration I (cytochrome c) (PWY-3781)

0.31

4.3 × 10−6 (0.0021)

Triacylglycerol degradation (LIPAS-PWY)

0.23

6.5 × 10−4 (0.033)

Very long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis I (PWY-5080)

0

6.6 × 10−4 (0.033)

  1. PNC: Measure of phylogenetic nucleotide conservation (PNC) used to select SNPs in the maize reference panel (Hapmap 3.2.1) and prioritize the genes containing the selected SNPs; SNPs were selected if their observed PNC was 1 or if their predicted PNC was above the 50%, 90%, 99%, or 99.9% percentile; Pathway: name and ID of pathway, retrieved from CornCyc, release 2021/03/25 [31]; Enrichment: ratio of observed over expected counts; P-value, from Fisher’s exact test; FDR, false discovery rate [32] to correct for multiple testing over pathways. Prioritization of genes by SIFT scores did not result in any statistically significant enrichment or depletion for pathway annotations