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Fig. 6 | Genome Biology

Fig. 6

From: The spinach YY genome reveals sex chromosome evolution, domestication, and introgression history of the species

Fig. 6

Genome-wide introgression in the Spinacia genome. a TreeMix analysis of nine geographical subpopulations of S. oleracea and two wild species S. tetrandra and S. turkestanica. b Patterson’s D statistic measurements of admixture among populations of S. oleracea in nine regions, hybrids and two wild species. c A modified f(d)-statistic (fd_M) with 1-kb window in 200-bp steps is plotted along the YY genome with S. tetrandra as the introgression donor. Each dot represents a 1-kb window, and the red horizontal line represents top 5% cutoff (the same below). The two strongest signals of introgression on spinach chromosomes 3 and 6 are plotted with fd_M to display gene introgression related to the flowering time shift (d) and frost resistance (e) respectively. f The fd_M statistics plotted along the YY genome with S. turkestanica as the introgression donor. The two strongest signals of introgression on chromosomes 4 and 6 are plotted with fd_M to show the introgressed genes related to chilling tolerance (g) and downy mildew resistance (h), respectively. The known RPF12 QTL for downy mildew resistance was plotted with two boundaries SNPs (SNP_01 and SNP_02) located 23 kb from the RAR1 candidate for downy mildew resistance. i The fd_M statistics plotted along the YY genome with the India subgroup of S. oleracea as the introgression donor. The two strongest signals of introgression on chromosome 2 and 5 are plotted with fd_M in j and k, respectively

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