Fig. 2

Characterization of ABE-induced genomic mutations. a, b Number of indels, SNVs, and A>G SNVs, and percentage of A>G SNVs identified for plants that had undergone tissue culture (C1) or Agrobacterium infection (C2) and plants harboring SpCas9n-TadA8e (rBE46b), SpCas9n-TadA9 (rBE49b), SpCas9n-NG-TadA8e (rBE50), and SpCas9n-NG-TadA9 (rBE53). In each plot, each dot represents the number of indels, SNVs, and A>G SNVs, and the percentage of A>G SNVs from an individual plant; each middle line represents the median value; and each upper line and lower line represent the standard errors. c Number of SNVs and A>G SNVs, and percentage of A>G SNVs were compared for ABE-edited plants harboring TadA8e or TadA9: rBE46b versus rBE49b, and rBE50 versus rBE53. d Number of SNVs and A>G SNVs, and percentage of A>G SNVs were compared for ABE-edited plants harboring SpCas9n or SpCas9n-NG: rBE46b versus rBE50, and rBE49b versus rBE53. e Percentage of A>G SNVs at given regions for plants in control groups or carrying one of the four ABEs. Each bar represents the mean value, and each error bar represents the standard error. (ns) denotes p-value > 0.1, (*) denotes p-value < 0.1, (**) denotes p-value < 0.01, and (***) denotes p-value < 0.001 (one-tailed Wilcoxon test)