Fig. 4

Genome-wide identification and annotations of candidate genes involved in the seed oil domestication. A The strategy of association analyses in this study. Three categories of association analyses are performed including GWAS, qGWAS, and eQTL. B, G, H are the Manhattan plots displaying the GWAS results for OC, palmitic acid content and stearic acid content, respectively. The y-axis is the –log₁₀(P values). Each point represents a molecular marker. Horizontal dashed lines indicate the significance level of P value = 10E-05. The labeled SNP loci are the candidate genes involved in the oil biosynthesis genes. C, D, E, F are corresponding to the four candidate genes, respectively to SDP1, IAA26, FabD, and Oleosin3), that are involved in the OC selection. I, J are two candidate genes (SAC8 and KASIII) involved in the palmitic acid content selection. K, L, M are three genes (GDL57, GLPK, and SAD1) involved in the stearic acid content selection. In each panel (including C-F and I-M), The distribution of corresponding traits and gene expression are shown on the diagonal plots. To the bottom left were the bivariate scatter plots with best fit lines displayed. Correlation coefficients are shown above the diagonal. “***,” “**,” and “*” denote significance with P values of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively. Red and blue denote the positive and negative correlations, respectively.