Fig. 5

Cooperative interactions of 4acC and 5mC modifications to affect gene expression. a–c Genome-wide average levels of mCG (a), mCHG (b), and mCHH (c) in total genes with or without 4acC across the gene region. d Box plots of the expression levels of genes marked by heavy, moderate, and light levels of mCG only or mCG together with 4acC in gene body regions. The mCG levels were calculated according to the ratio of mCG to all cytosines located at each position. Genes with average ratios of ≥ 0.1, 0.01 to 0.1, and ≤ 0.1 were defined as heavily, moderately, and lightly methylated, respectively. The gene number in each modification group is indicated. The p values were calculated for significant differences between two groups by the Mann–Whitney U test