Fig. 1

The per-cell biosynthetic cost of nuclear and organellar genes in three representative eukaryotes. A The ATP biosynthesis costs of nuclear (N), chloroplast (C), and mitochondrial (M) genes calculated as the cost of the chromosome divided by the number of genes contained within that chromosome. Nuclear chromosomes include the cost of nucleosomes, and organellar chromosomes only included the cost of the DNA. In the case of the nuclear genes, the height of the bar depicts the mean cost of all nuclear chromosomes with individual points showing all chromosomes overlaid on top of the bar plots. B The ATP biosynthesis cost of just the coding sequences of the genes. In both A and B, the costs were computed assuming a diploid nuclear genome, a per-cell mitochondrial genome copy number of 5000, 200, and 100 for the in H. sapiens, S. cerevisiae, and A. thaliana, respectively, and a per-cell chloroplast genome copy number of 1500 in A. thaliana