Fig. 3

US exposure, dietary intake, and gut microbial genera. A Associations of US exposure with dietary fiber intake and AHEI-2010 score. Data are adjusted means (SEs) of dietary fiber intake and AHEI-2010 score across US exposure groups estimated in linear regression models after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical factors. B Heatmap for overall dietary quality and individual dietary factor associated with US exposure. Gradient colors reflect the ranks of adjusted means of AHEI-2010 score and 11 food/nutrition component of AHEI-2010 across US exposure groups estimated in linear regression models after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical factors. C Heatmap for overall dietary quality and individual dietary factor associated with gut microbial genera. This heatmap includes 15 microbial genera that were independently associated with obesity and/or US exposure. Data are effect sizes of dietary factors on gut microbial genera estimated in linear regression models after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical factors. D Associations of gut microbiota with dietary fiber intake, US exposure, and host obesity. These associations were estimated after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical factors (multivariable adjustment, FDR P < 0.05 level) and further adjustment for other bacterial genera (conditional analysis, mutual adjustment). Red/blue colors depict significant positive/inverse associations and the gradient colors reflect the ranks of effect sizes estimated in linear regression models, while white color indicates non-significant associations