Fig. 2

Relationships among the identified gut microbial genera associated with both obesity and US exposure. A Spearman correlation heatmap for the 23 identified bacterial genera associated with both obesity and US exposure. B Associations of 23 gut bacteria genera with obesity and US exposure. These associations were estimated in linear regression models after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical factors (multivariable adjustment, FDR P < 0.05 level) and further adjustment for other bacterial genera (conditional analysis, mutual adjustment). Red/blue colors depict significant positive/inverse associations and the gradient colors reflect the ranks of effect sizes estimated in linear regression models, while white color indicates non-significant associations. Triangle and square indicate the microbial genera that were independently associated with obesity and US exposure after mutual adjustment, respectively. C Co-occurrence network representing the structure of microbial composition. The size of node reflects the cumulative sum scaling normalized abundance of each taxon. Red/green nodes indicate genera positively/inversely associated with host obesity after mutual adjustment (P < 0.05), and orange/ blue nodes indicate genera positively/inversely associated with US exposure after mutual adjustment (P < 0.05). Positive (red lines) and inverse (blue lines) correlations were obtained between predominant genera using Spearman rho based co-occurrence network analysis