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Fig. 2 | Genome Biology

Fig. 2

From: High-quality reference genome sequences of two coconut cultivars provide insights into evolution of monocot chromosomes and differentiation of fiber content and plant height

Fig. 2

Inference of monocot proto-chromosomes and reconstruction of evolutionary trajectories of the extant coconut (Cn) chromosomes. a Identification of proto-chromosomes through evaluating shared homology between extant chromosomes. The chromosomes of the outgroup monocot, S. polyrhiza (Sp), were compared to those in the other monocots. Inferred proto-chromosomes, A1–A10, were each shown in a specific color. Dotplots show shared gene collinearity, and orthologous correspondence were shown by filled and transparent rectangles. Greek letters were used to show which event produced the chromosomes with arrows pointed to. Cn: C. nucifera; Ac: A. comosus. b Plant phylogeny and reconstructed monocot proto-karyotypes. Proto-chromosomes at specific evolutionary nodes were inferred, such as nine proto-chromosomes before the WGD omega. Chromosomes are denoted with color scheme showing 10 monocot proto-chromosomes. WGD and WGT are shown, and some of which are named with Greek letters. c Reconstruction of evolutionary trajectories from monocot proto-chromosomes to form the extant coconut (Cn) chromosomes. Proto-chromosomes on different evolutionary nodes (A–E) were reconstructed and correspondingly named. Greek letters were used to relate to each polyploidization event. “EEJ” indicates end-to-end joining of chromosomes, “Reorg.” indicates reorganization, and “Ins.” indicates insertion. The sign of “Chr. B” represents mini-chromosome (B chromosome) produced by the “EEJ” process

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