Fig. 4

Dissection of the functions of RAB5C and OLFML3 in RV infection. a, b Viral loads in medium supernatant (a) and cell lysates (b) at 24 h after transfection of RV-A16 genome RNA. c, d Viral RNA in cell lysates of mock and knockout cells at 1, 3, and 6 h after infection with RV-B14 (c) and RV-A16 (d) at an MOI of 20 in the presence of 2 mM GuHCl. For a, b, significant difference between mock and test groups is determined using two-tailed Student’s t test. For c, d, significant difference between mock and RAB5C groups is determined using two-tailed Student’s t test. e Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RV infection-induced gene upregulation and downregulation are first calculated and the differentially upregulated or downregulated genes in mock and knockout cells are defined as DEGs. Cells are harvested and analyzed at 24 h after infection of RV-B14 at an MOI of 2. f GO analyses of biological processes of DEGs identified in E. g, h Heat map showing ISG expression in mock and OLFML3^−/− cells at 24 h post infection of RV-B14 (g) and RV-A16 (h) at an MOI of 2. These results are derived from RT-qPCR quantification. Gene expression is normalized to RPLP0