Fig. 5
From: Gut bacterial metabolites modulate endoplasmic reticulum stress
ER stress modulating metabolites induce epithelial cell apoptosis and disrupt barrier function in vitro. a Tm induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells after 48 hrs. b ER stress activators A5 and A7 induced apoptosis, whereas the ER stress inhibitors Myc II or SoraA had no effect. c Pretreatment with Myc II or SoraA did not reduce Tm induced apoptosis. d High concentration of Tm decreases the TEER formed by HT-29 cells. e A7 decreased TEER after two days of incubation, while neither A5 nor SoraA significantly changed TEER