Fig. 5

Impact of “pooling” on individual effect under intra-dataset and inter-dataset scenarios. Accuracy comparisons among individual effect (red box), down-sampling strategy (blue box), and “pooling” all individuals (black line for intra-dataset, black box for inter-dataset). A “Human PBMC lupus”: 8 lupus patients from batch 1 under the same condition. B “Mouse brain FC” major cell types: 7 mouse subjects from the same frontal cortex region under the same condition. C “Mouse brain FC” sub-cell types: 7 mouse subjects from the same frontal cortex region under the same condition. Down-sample boxes in A–C each contains 30 results. D “Mouse brain FC” to predict “Mouse brain pFC” on major cell types: use 7 mouse subjects respectively from “Mouse brain FC” as a reference to predict 6 mouse subjects from “Mouse brain pFC”. Individual effect box contains 42 results; down-sample box contains 60 results, and “pooling” box contains 6 results