Fig. 5

Divergence and transition of the metabolic capacity associated with the development of the infant gut microbiota. A t-SNE embedding based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrices from the abundance of functional genes (n = 1165). B The thirty most significantly differentiated metabolic pathways of four enterotypes in the first 2 years of life. Pathways are hierarchically clustered according to their relative abundance. C Mean abundance of each significantly differentiated module binned at the pathway level. The nine representative species associated with four enterotypes are plotted. D The change of functional features associated with enterotype transition (from E2 to E3) in one American infant (subject TT0132A). The top 20 most differentiated pathways are presented. E An opposite trend over time was found in four representative metabolic pathways between immature (E1/E2) and mature (E3/E4) enterotypes. Infants have been stratified into two subgroups, in which red lines indicate infants with enterotype transition from E1/E2 to E3/E4, and blue lines indicate infants with enterotype transition from E3/E4 to E1/E2. Each dot represents the abundance of the respective pathway from one time point of one infant. The shaded regions indicate the 95% confidence intervals