Fig. 1

Short-term 1,6-HD treatment dissolved biomolecular condensates while long-term treatment caused aberrant aggregation. A Schematic representation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) treated with 1.5% 1,6-HD across a time course and after withdrawal. Imaging and Hi-C are performed at each time point to explore the possible roles of biomolecular condensates in 3D genome organization. B Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) images of immunofluorescence (IF) for the proteins indicated by green words in mESCs. IF for indicated protein is colored green, and signal from DAPI is colored dark blue. C Counts of IF puncta within nucleus at each time points versus 0 min. Error bars represent standard deviation (SD) from 30 cells each. All p values were determined using Student’s t test. D Right: merge views of SIM images of MED1 IF with DNA-FISH to the Pou5f1 SE locus in mESCs. The white dashed line highlights the nuclear periphery, determined by DAPI staining (not shown). The upper right part shows the area in the yellow box in greater detail. Left: quantification of the proportion of cells with DNA-FISH foci overlapping MED1 puncta. E Right: merge views of SIM images of MED1 IF with DNA-FISH to the Nanog SE locus in mESCs. The white dashed line highlights the nuclear periphery, determined by DAPI staining (not shown). The upper right part shows the area in the yellow box in greater detail. Left: quantification of the proportion of cells with DNA-FISH foci overlapping MED1 puncta