Fig. 2

Heritabilities and genetic correlations among traits. a Pedigree-based and SNP-based narrow-sense heritability of the seven traits, with black line representing the ± standard errors. b Pair-wise Pearson product-moment correlations (upper diagonal) and genetic correlations (lower diagonal) among de-regressed estimated breeding values (dEBVs) of tree height (height), diameter at breast height (DBH), and frost damage (FD), adjusted phenotypic values of budburst stage (BB), wood density (WD), microfibril angle (MFA, represented here by acoustic velocity), and wood stiffness (WS). The color spectrum, bright blue to bright red presents highly positive to highly negative correlations, and the number represents the correlation values. ^*The SNP heritability only explained the proportion of dEBVs variance explained by SNP-based genomic relationships, and dEBVs of the three traits were used to estimate the phenotypic and genetic correlations in b