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Fig. 5 | Genome Biology

Fig. 5

From: Using high-throughput multiple optical phenotyping to decipher the genetic architecture of maize drought tolerance

Fig. 5

Roles of candidate gene ZmcPGM2 in regulation of i-traits and sugar biosynthesis. a Zoom in on the view of Manhattan plot of chromosomal 5 region 9.4~12.4 Mb, where there were significant associations of SNPs with i-trait ddT200_D40_R. b–d Distribution of SNPs (b) in gene model ZmPGM2 (c) and their LD to each other (d). The most significant SNP chr5.S_10856121 is highlighted with red dots in b. In panel c, filled black boxes indicate exons and black lines indicate introns of ZmcPGM2. e Plants with the T allele of chr5.S_10856121 showed significantly higher levels of i-trait ddT200_D40_R than those with the G allele in the AMP. f ZmcPGM2 gene structure and position of the EMS mutation. g Growth of B73 wild type and Zmcpgm2 mutant plants under WW and DS conditions. The soil moisture (SM) is shown on the top of the panels. Bar = 20 cm for all plants shown in this panel. h The levels of i-trait ddT200 in B73 wild type and Zmcpgm2 mutant plants under WW, DS and ratio (DS/WW) conditions. The arrows and numbers show the fold decrease or increase in this trait in Zmcpgm2 mutants as compared to those in B73 wild type plants. i cPGM2 is responsible for reversibly converting glucose-1p to glucose-6p in sugar biosynthesis. Adapted and edited based on the KEGG database. Enzymes and their abbreviations: phosphoglucomutase (PGM), UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (UGP), UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (UGE), inositol 3-α-galactosyltransferase (IGT), galactinol-sucrose galactosyltransferase (GSGT), α-galactosidase (GTD), sucrose synthase (SUS), sucrose phosphorylase (SPP), glucose-1-phosphate phosphodismutase (GPPD), Hexokinase (HXK), glucose-6-phosphatase (GPP), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), invertase (IVT). Arrows indicate the direction of the reaction. Sugars identified with GC-MS in this study are highlighted in red. j Sugar contents of B73 wild type and Zmcpgm2 mutant plants grown under WW and DS conditions. k Fold increase in sugar contents (DS/WW) in B73 wild type and Zmcpgm2 mutant plants. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001

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