Fig. 3

Environmental modulation of TE mobilization. a Marginal effect at the mean of each of the variables considered in the GLM of very recent transposition: the first three principal components of the kinship matrix (PC1-2-3), the NRPE1 locus, and the BIO02, BIO04, BIO15, and BIO19 variables. b Number of very recent TE insertions detected across the world and levels of precipitation seasonality (BIO15). c Estimated interaction effect of BIO04 and NRPE1 (upper) and BIO19 and NRPE1 (bottom). d Scatter plot of very recent transposition against BIO04 (left) and BIO19 (right) in non-carriers (NC, up) and carriers (C, down) of the derived NRPE1’ alleles. GLM predictions and confidence intervals are indicated in black and gray, respectively. e Directional Mantel associations for 77 TE families between very recent transposition and 19 WorldClim bio-variables (1970–2000) with dendrogram of hierarchical clustering of coefficient correlations. The four main clusters are indicated (colors). f Transposition rates in 1000 offspring of Col-0 WT and nrpd1 parents grown under standard conditions or exposed to heat-shock or flagellin. g Normalized peak density of in vitro binding of TFs (DAP-seq) enriched over the “temperature” TE cluster in Col-0 gDNA and PCR-amplified DNA. h Tracks of DNA methylation (CG in red, CHG in blue, CHH in green) in Col-0 WT and nrpe1_11 mutants and DAP-seq peaks of heat-shock factors HSF3, HSFC1, and HSF7 in Col-0 gDNA and PCR-amplified DNA. The position of the tandem heat-responsive elements (HREs: nTTCnnGAAn) [31] located in the LTRs are indicated in purple