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Fig. 5 | Genome Biology

Fig. 5

From: A rare codon-based translational program of cell proliferation

Fig. 5

A global increase of ready-to-translate tRNAs can specifically alleviate rare codon-dependent translation bottlenecks in proliferating cells. a Schema of one step of the peptide elongation model. For details regarding the different states and rates, please refer to the “Materials and methods” section. Results of simulations showing the dependency of codon elongation speed (b) and its sensitivity (c) (∂Speed/∂tRNA:codon) to the tRNA:codon ratio, for codons with different abundances in the transcriptome. d Conceptual model of the relationship between proliferation rate, codon elongation speed, and the abundance of ready-to-translate tRNAs for mRNAs enriched in rare or common codons. In slowly proliferating cells with limited translation capacity, elongation at rare codons is slow (top left), whereas in rapidly proliferating cells, this translation bottleneck is relieved by a global increase of ready-to-translate tRNAs (bottom left), leading to a faster elongation on pro-proliferation mRNAs containing rare codons. Conversely, mRNAs enriched in common codons will be mostly insensitive to variation in the translation capacity registered in cells with different proliferation rates (top and bottom right)

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