Fig. 5

The 1.67-Mb heterozygous inversion caused flat fruit shape through upregulation of PpOFP2 expression. a Genes proximal to the breakpoints of the 1.67-Mb inversion. b Relative expression levels of PpOFP2 (top left), PpCYCH;1 (top middle), and PpSNF4 (top right) during early fruit development tested by qRT-PCR at 20 days after anthesis (DAA) in the 136 peach accessions, including 37 flat (blue bars) and 99 round (orange bars) accessions. ***P < 0.001 in Wilcoxon test. Genome-wide Manhattan plots of eGWAS based on SVs using relative expression levels of PpOFP2 (bottom left), PpCYCH;1 (bottom middle), and PpSNF4 (bottom right) as phenotypes. c Fruit morphology (top), expression levels of PpOFP2 (bottom left), and fruit shape index (bottom right) in wild type (WT) and two independent tomato transformants overexpressing PpOFP2 (OE1 and OE2). Top plot, scale bar: 1 cm. The fruit shape index is calculated as the ratio of length to width. Bottom plots, n = 3, bar = SD, *** P < 0.001 in Wilcoxon test. d Fruit morphology (top), shape index (middle), and expression levels of PpOFP2 (bottom) from early fruit development through near-mature fruit, in the representative round and flat accessions at 7 days before anthesis through 86 days after anthesis. Scale bars in top plot: 1 mm for the first five bars; 1 cm for the last four bars. For the middle and bottom plots, n = 3, bar = SD, NS (not significant) P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 in Wilcoxon test