Fig. 3

The heterogeneity and clonality of B cells in human organs. a t-SNE plots showing 14 clusters (10,100 cells) of B and plasma cells. Each dot represents a cell, colored according to the origin of tissue (top panel) and cell subtype (bottom panel). b Distribution of B and plasma cells in each organ. Pie charts on top illustrate the proportions of B and plasma cells in each organ. The stacked bars represent the percentage of each cluster in the indicated organ. c Violin plots of the normalized expression of marker genes for B (MS4A1), plasma cells (SDC1), naïve B cell (TCL1A), and memory B cells (CD27). For each panel, the y-axis shows the normalized expression level for a marker gene as indicated on the title, and the x-axis indicates cell clusters. d Gene Ontology enrichment analysis results of B and plasma cell clusters. Cell clusters as indicated at the bottom are colored according to their −log₁₀P values in columns. Only the top 20 significant GO terms (P value < 0.05) are shown in rows. e Heat map of the activation scores of each B and plasma cell cluster for expression regulated by transcription factors (TFs). Cell clusters are indicated on top, and the scores were estimated using SCENIC analysis. It shows the top 10 TFs with the highest difference in expression regulation estimates between each cluster and all other cells, tested with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. f Sharing intensity of BCR clones between different organs. Each line represents a sharing of BCR between two organs at the ends, and the thickness of the line represents a migration-index score between paired organs calculated using STARTRAC. The size of the dot is shown as the logarithm to the base 2 of the size of B and plasma cell clones in each organ. g Expansion- (top panel) and transition-index (bottom panel) scores of each B and plasma cell cluster calculated using STARTRAC