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Table 1 A summary of the studies on CRISPR-mediated plant disease resistance

From: Engineering crops of the future: CRISPR approaches to develop climate-resilient and disease-resistant plants

Pathogen type

Plant(s)

Desired modification

Targeted DNA/RNA

Targeted pathogen(s)/disease(s)

Results

Reference

m

Arabidopsis

Virus RNA genome disruption

Virus RNA genome

Turnip mosaic virus

Indels in virus RNA

[69]

N. benthamiana

Virus RNA genome disruption

Virus RNA genome

Turnip mosaic virus

Indels in virus RNA

[37]

Rice, N. benthamiana

Virus RNA genome disruption

Virus RNA genome

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus, Tobacco mosaic virus

Reduction in virus levels and disease symptoms

[70]

Arabidopsis, N. benthamiana

Virus RNA genome disruption

Virus RNA genome

Cucumber mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus

Reduction in virus levels and disease symptoms

[71]

N. benthamiana

Virus DNA disruption

Virus DNA

Rep, IR, and Cp

Beet curly top virus, Merremia mosaic virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus

Indels in virus DNA

[72]

N. benthamiana

Virus DNA disruption

Virus DNA and satellite sequences

Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinian virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Merremia mosaic virus, BCTV-Logan, BCTV-Worland

Indels in virus DNA

[73]

N. benthamiana

Virus DNA disruption

Virus DNA

Rep A/Rep and LIR

Bean yellow dwarf virus

Indels in virus DNA, resistance to virus

[74]

Arabidopsis, N. benthamiana

Virus DNA disruption

Virus DNA

Rep, IR, and CP

Beet severe curly top virus

Indels in virus DNA, resistance to virus

[75]

Tomato, N. benthamiana

Virus DNA disruption

Virus DNA

Rep, IR, and Cp

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus

Indels in virus DNA, resistance to virus

[76]

N. benthamiana

Virus DNA disruption

Multiplex editing at Rep and IR

Cotton leaf curl Multan virus

Significantly low virus accumulation and decreased disease symptoms

[77]

Cassava

Virus DNA disruption

AC2 and AC3

African cassava mosaic virus

Indels in virus DNA but no virus resistance

[78]

N. benthamiana

Virus DNA disruption

Multiplex editing at virus DNA Rep, IR, and Cp

Chilli leaf curl virus

Significantly low virus accumulation and decreased disease symptoms

[79]

Banana

Virus DNA disruption

Virus sequences in the host plantain genome

Endogenous banana streak virus

75% of pl0ants remain asymptomatic

[80]

 

Biomimickinga

Eif4e1

Clover yellow vein virus

Reduced virus accumulation

[65]

Rice

Biomimickinga

Eif4g

Rice tungro spherical virus

Resistance to virus

[81]

Cassava

Gene disruption

nCBP-1, nCBP-2

Cassava brown streak disease

Suppressed disease symptoms

[82]

Arabidopsis

Gene disruption

EIF4E

Turnip mosaic virus

Resistance to virus

[47]

Cucumber

Gene disruption

eIF4E

Cucumber vein yellowing virus (ipomovirus), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, and Papaya ring spot mosaic virus-W (potyviruses)

Resistance to three viruses

[46]

Fungus

Tomato

Gene disruption

Multiplex gRNA at Pmr4

Powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici

Significant reduction in mildew symptoms

[83]

Tomato

Gene disruption

SlMapk3

Botrytis cinerea

Increased resistance to B. cinerea

[84]

Tomato

Gene disruption

Solyc08g075770

Fusarium wilt

Tolerance to fusarium wilt

[85]

Rice

Gene disruption

Single and multiplex gRNA at OsERF922

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae

Significantly decreased blast lesions

[86]

Grape

Gene disruption

VvWRKY52

B. cinerea

Increased resistance to B. cinerea

[87]

Tomato

Gene disruption

SlMlo1

Powdery mildew

Resistance to powdery mildew

[88]

Banana

Gene insertion

RGA2, Ced9

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (TR4)

Significant reduction in disease

[89]

Rice

Gene disruption

OsMPK5

Fungal (Magnaporthe grisea) and bacterial (Burkholderia glumae) pathogens

Indels in the target; resistance not confirmed

[90]

Grape

Gene disruption

Mlo-7

Powdery mildew

Indels in the target; resistance not confirmed

[91]

Wheat

Gene disruption

TaMlo-A1, TaMlo-B1, and TaMlo-D1

Powdery mildew

High tolerance to powdery mildew

[92]

Wheat

Gene disruption

TaMlo

Powdery mildew

Indels in the target; resistance not confirmed

[30]

Wheat

Gene disruption

TaEdr1 (three homologs)

Powdery mildew

Resistance to powdery mildew

[93]

Bacteria

Rice

Gene disruption

OsSWEET13

Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo)

Resistance not confirmed

[94]

Rice

Gene disruption

OsSWEET11

Bacterial blight

Enhanced resistance to Xoo

[95]

Rice

Gene and promoter disruption

TALE-binding elements (EBEs) in OsSWEET13 promoter, OsSWEETT11, and OsSWEEt14 genes

Bacterial blight caused by Xoo

Broad-spectrum resistance against multiple Xoo strains

[50]

Rice

Promoter disruption

OsSWEET11, OsSWEET13, and OsSWEET14

Bacterial blight

Increased resistance to bacterial blight; confirmed in field trials

[51]

Apple

Gene disruption

DIPM-1, DIPM-2, and DIPM-4

Fire blight disease (caused by Erwinia amylovora)

Indels in the target; resistance not confirmed

[91]

Rice

Promoter disruption

OsSWEET11, OsSWEET14

Bacterial blight

Indels in promoter; disease resistance not confirmed

[96]

Tomato

Gene repair

Jaz2

Bacterial speck disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC 3000

Resistance to bacterial speck disease

[97]

Tomato

Gene disruption

Dmr6

Pseudomonas syringae, Phytophthora capsici, and Xanthomonas spp.

Resistance to P. syringae, P. capsici, and Xanthomonas spp.

[98]

Grapefruit

Promoter disruption

CsLOB1

Citrus canker

Significantly reduced canker symptoms

[99]

Wanjincheng orange

Promoter disruption

CsLOB1

Citrus canker

Disease severity decreased by 83.2–98.3%

[100]

Oomycete

Papaya

Gene disruption

PpalEPIC8

Phytophthora palmivora

Increased resistance against P. palmivora

[101]

Theobroma cacao

Gene disruption

TcNPR3

Phytophthora tropicalis

Increased resistance against P. tropicalis

[102]

  1. aBiomimicking refers here to the introduction of CRISPR-mediated mutations in such a way that the sequence of a target gene in disease-susceptible variety is converted to the sequence from a disease-resistant variety. Thus, instead of replacing the whole gene, the researcher introduces only the specific mutations associated with the disease resistance trait, assuming that the nucleotide differences between the gene of interest in the cultivated and wild varieties are not otherwise significant to plant viability and productivity